VKK-3 Pressure Suit (Высотный Компенсирующий Костюм) |
About the VKK-3
suit:
About
the model photo: |
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First introduced as a replacement for the older VKK-2 pressure suit in 1957(1), the VKK-3 pressure suit was developed for the pilots of the new Mach 2 aircraft of the day such as the Su-9 and the MiG-21. The name VKK stands for высотный компенсирующий костюм loosely translates as 'altitude compensation suit'. The VKK-3 suit is rather simple in design when compared to the suits that followed. It features a large zipper running down the front. This allows the pilot to enter the suit. A groin zipper is also found alongside the bottom of the main one. Additional zippers can be found along the ankles and wrists to help ensure a tight fit for the pilot. In most cases an assistant was needed to help the pilot don the suit. The lacing of the VKK-3 was rather straightforward. Two rows of laces can be found going down the back of the suit from either shoulder down to the lower legs. Additional lacing can be found running down each arm. Two short lace up sections can also be seen on each side of the front abdomen. Air hose systems are designed in an 'H' shape: beginning at the bottom of each leg just above the foot and then running
up the back. They connect by means of a horizontal hose just behind the
shoulders, then continue to run down each arm to the wrists. These hoses
are fed by a single connector in the lower left abdomen. There is
no secondary air connector like those are found in later VKK suits. |
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The suit is used in conjunction with the GSh-4 (Germoshelm-4) helmet, but it has often been seen in use with the later GSh-6 helmet as well (and there is even a photo of Soviet pilots in the uniform with the ZSh-3 helmet)(1). There are two variants of this helmet: The GSh-4M and the GSh-4MS. This helmet comes in size 1 or 2. In either case, the helmet is composed of three major parts: the faceplate, the headpiece, and the outer metal helmet. The faceplate is the part that is most often removed by pilots. This is done by pulling on a string near the chin. This releases a latch that allows the faceplate to move upwards on a hinge at the top. When pulled high enough, the hook disengages from the upper hinge and the faceplate can be completely removed. The body is then removed by pulling on the small leather straps on either side of the helmet. These release the springs holding the body to the outer helmet. The body is then pulled forward until its hook disengages the hinge and it can be removed. This body section also has a green zippered hood with a laced section. This ensures a tight fit for the pilot. The outer metal helmet features a thin sun visor tinted dark green, though no all were equipped with this feature. The helmet has no internal communications of its own, but must be worn with a light communications helmet (which is not shown here). Together, this uniform was part of the KKO-3 (Komplekt Kislorodnovo Oborudovaniya) assembly. |
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This equipment made it possible for the pilot to survive at the extreme altitudes at which he worked. As with the earlier model KKO-1, the pilot could change helmets depending on the altitudes he would be operating at. The VKK-3M would be used at high altitude, while the ZSh-3 and ShL-61 would be worn for lower altitude missions. *not included in initial issue, but after 1961. |
*Soviet pilots in front of a Yak-28 'Firebar' interceptor, a trainer with the designation Yellow-10. The pilots are wearing a VKK-6M pressure suit (left) and a VKK-3 pressure suit (right) with GSh-4MP helmets. The low tropical boots introduced in 1978 indicate this photo was taken was taken between that date and the retirement of the last trainers in 1992. |
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The VKK-3 suit was introduced in 1957 to remedy the deficiencies found with the VKK-1 suit. Hose lines were improved and bladder locations were changed. Yet, times were rapidly changing and the VKK-3 was soon replaced in front line service by the VKK-4 pressure suit. The flight suit is not commonly seen in Soviet photos but one
common photo of three pilots wearing the suit can be seen in a 1978 publication
by the United States Air Force.(2) Existing stocks
of VKK-3 flight suits would continue to be used well into the 1980's as pictured
above where it is seen in the service of pilots of the Yak-28 interceptor. |
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This Uniform Replaced... | VKK-3 Flight Suit | This Uniform was Replaced by... |
VKK-2 Flight Suit | VKK-4 Flight Suit |
(1) "History of 1957" NPP-Zvezda.
www.zvezda-npp.ru. n.p., n.d.,
Retrieved 28 April 2016. Web <http://www.zvezda-npp.ru/ru/node/445>
(2) Soviet Aerospace Handbook. Washington DC: Department of the Air
Force. 1978. p. 168
Last Updated 14 June 2020 by Ryan Stavka